Wages are shown in both contemporary Yen and US dollars. The correct use of explosives depended on the miners skill and knowledge of how to drill, how much powder to use, and how to damp a charge properly. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. Report published in 1923 gives wages for Arkansas women by occupation and race. Most of their houses had images of union president John L. Lewis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Jesus. Processing plants called breaker buildings were symbols of pride for mine communities. Shows mining wages in Alabama, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Shows expenditures by category with prices per article and amounts needed annually for a family of five. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Source: Bulletin #269 of the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, "Farm Family Living Among White Owner and Tenant Operators in Wake County," pages 24-28. Full chapter extends from pp. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. Source: BLS. Earnings and prices are shown in Swiss francs. Eventually, his sons and grandsons also worked in the mines. Typical compensation for directors, camera men, editors and more in, Shows typical earnings for reporters, feature writers, sports editors and others, in. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. 1920, Home plans and costs to build in California, 1920, Retail prices of building materials by city, 1922, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1923-1924, Cost to construct houses, by type of material - 1921, Building material prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Farm real estate - Average value by state and county, 1920, Price of farm land by county in selected states, 1912-1924, New England farms and land - Average value by county, 1920-1930, Farm real estate values in Midwestern states, 1912-2019, Land in Missouri - Cost to rent or buy by county, 1922, Rents in working class neighborhoods in Cincinnati, 1920, Household heating fuel costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Electricity - Average monthly bill, 1924-1950, Household electricity costs and expenditures by city, 1927, Changes in retail prices of electricity, 1923-38, Car prices with illustrations, 1900-1920s, Gasoline prices andtaxes, and annual consumption per vehicle, 1920-1939, Horse-drawn carriages, buggies and accessories, 1920, Horse and mule prices by state, 1919-1920, City transit fares in NY, PA, OH and MA - 1927, Streetcar, omnibus and subway rates, 1926, Passenger train fare in the U.S., 1871-1933, RR ticket prices between NYC and Chicago, 1910-1944, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. The industry has been in slow decline ever since, compounded along the way by the rise of steam engines, mechanized extraction methods, and competition from oil and natural gas, and now renewable energy. Corn visited coal mines and mountain communities from Virginia to Tennessee, photographing the working and domestic lives of miner families and their struggles with low wages, unsafe working conditions, and black lung disease. A Latvian immigrant and devout member of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Old Believers, Michael Simon wore this cross as he labored in Pennsylvania coal mines. From the Louisiana Department of Labor and Industrial Statistics Biennial Report for 1929-1930. More passenger air fares from other sources: Household items:
Bicycles, binoculars, footballs & basketball supplies, ice skates, athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, fishing tackle, camping gear, guns. Red Ash mine was also the location of a disaster in 1900, which killed forty-six miners. The legislature rejected all proposals for reform, however. Shows salaries at the state, county and city levels. Shows average wages alongside a cost of living index for Germany between 1929-1942. Source: The cost of living in twelve industrial cities, p. 63. "A good hotel room costs only $4-5 per day while a hospital charges $6 and $7." The struggle between workers and managers in the workplace played out vividly in the Pennsylvania coal mines. Source: BLS. Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of foodstuffs in Madrid and Barcelona. Discusses household expenditures for electricity, and estimates the number of homes that had various electrical appliances (radios, refrigerators, irons, etc.) 514. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. Source: Shows the daily or monthly wages of 13 occupations in the treaty port. Miners would lie on their backs and use a pick to undercut the coal. A man sometimes had to get down on his hands and knees, with his left shoulder, well padded, against the car, bracing himself with his toes against the ties and the dirt of the floor, wrote a former miner, while his partner controlled the brakes to keep the car from rolling back on the pusher if he slipped or grew tired. Back injuries, broken legs, and severed feet and fingers were common. Wages are shown in French francs. Source: BLS. Source: AAUP report. Source: Women's Bureau Bulletin #85. But the chorus of foreign languages confirmed managements fears that companies were slipping out of control. Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Compares 1927 and 1913 earnings. Wages are shown in both Hungarian gold crowns and contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930). Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. Hourly Rate. From the Newcomb-Endicott store, Detroit, Michigan. University of Missouri, Columbia Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. Source: 1930 Census of Agriculture. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. Bonus. Shows weekly wages for male and female workers in common industries such as textile manufacture and mining, and also more uncommon like ice cream manufacture and hospitality services. For hours on end, a trapper boys ears would take in the strange sounds made by creaking timbers, rattling coal cars, clopping mules, and thudding blasts of explosions deep in the mine, while his eyes would behold surreal sights, like the white bones of ancient fish skeletons and the remains of tropical plants when they were illuminated by the miners lamps. Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. Beds and mattresses, bedroom furniture, pillows, bedding. Created by Grove Atlantic and Electric Literature, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), A Novel of Putin's Russia That Got Its Writer Beaten Up, What Should You Read Next? Prices are shown in either contemporary US dollars or Chinese coppers. Source: This short article about wages in Nanking, China reports barbers' earnings in US dollars. Pianos, violins, guitars & banjos, accordions, other musical instruments. Rompers, night gowns, baby shoes, accessories (diapers, baby bottles, etc. Wages are shown in Czech krone. MORE PRICES in the U.S. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, July 1930. Use the following hyperlinks to see values for AL, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY. Children's:
Also shows rowboat and pack horse rental rates, cost for guided tours, and transportation fares. Salary data for teachers, principals and school administrators in New York City, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago and Kansas City. Next came preparations for extracting the coal. Between 12th and 14th Streets Source: page 13 in. $30.30. After the Civil War, industrialization meant a nearly limitless demand for anthracite and bituminous coal, and hundreds of thousands of new jobs spurred a population boom in the region, which stretches from western New York state to Alabama. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. Source: Covers elementary schools and junior high schools in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. Issues of Telephone engineer & management detail rates for telephone service in many states. About half of the surveyed penal institutions gave prisoners some compensation, based on its use as incentive toward good work and better behavior, and to provide the convict with a small way to provide for his family. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930), Shows the average wages of multiple occupation in the mining industry. Source: Historical chart shows salaries of members of the U.S. Congress, along with dates of enactment and statutory authority for each pay increase. Includes clam, lobster, oyster industries and more. Wages are shown in Belgian francs. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. As a novice, Keeney learned the colliers trade from older craftsmenthe skills of cutting the face, setting the charges, and loading the coal without wrenching his back or crippling himself. Source: BLS. The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. A standard tune in miners lore began with lyric, Youve been docked and docked again, boys / Youve been loading two for one, and asked what the miner had to show for working so hard. The following two tables shows the average daily earnings of industrial and building workers by occupation as well as in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Ural mountain region. Includes wage data for Chicago as well. After checking in, they climbed up a steep trail from the office to the portal of a mine. Shows family expenditures by category. Every workday a panel of miners, ranging from fourteen to twenty-eight men, passed through a main entry and then turneddown a side entry. Prices are shown in contemporary US dollars. Keep your hand upon the dollar, Source: BLS, Shows the earnings over different times for both government employees and manual workers in Hamburg. Wages are expressed in both foreign currency and dollars. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. Literary giants have thoughts on the new edits to Roald Dahl's works. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. Shows average wages (with and without board) by province. Report published in 1923 tells wages by race and by industry. Source: You may download a pdf version of the 1928, Hotel rates are shown in the advertisements in. Wage rates by occupation in foreign countries (sometimes just to a certain city in the foreign country), assembled for easy comparison to U.S. wage rates for the same occupations. Source: Shows the average hourly wages for various occupation both in and outside of Paris. 8836. 408, Shows the wages of a variety of occupations in the capital of Argentina. House paints, paint brushes, doors & windows, wrench sets, home improvement tools, steel safes, fencing, garden tools, wrenches & other assorted tools, water pumps, plows, milk cans, gasoline-powered generators. Tables are broken down by type of job, gender of employee, and geography. Report published in 1925 mainly covers wages in manufacturing industries. Purchasing power is represented in its equivalence in horses, wheat, the yearly wages of a skilled tradesperson, and others. Shows expenditures among rural Virginia families for food, housing, clothing, automobiles, health insurance, recreation, personal items and more. Wages are shown in both Francs and contemporary US dollars. The craftiness and deftness of the best colliers was most evident when they performed the riskiest task of all. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Details the prices of appliances, furniture, and more household items on pp. Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginias population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Source: Compares 1922 to1940 wage rates for a variety of RR jobs, pp. In 1928, halfof all families had a combined family income of $2000 or less. Discussion puts wage data in context with price levels which were definitely affected by the wars. Coal industry labor strikes were common from the turn of the century up through the 1930s, as were catastrophic workplace injuries and the prevalence of black lung disease. Shows by county the price of undeveloped land, plow land and farm land. Coal operators enticed workersmany African Americanto move to West Virginia from Virginia and the Deep South. Wages are shown in Italian lire. This answer is: Study guides. Jump directly to prices for: meats and eggs, butter, cheese, milk, bread and flour, corn meal, rice, potatoes, granulated sugar, coffee and tea, onions, navy beans, prunes, raisins, canned salmon, evaporated milk, margarine, lard, oats, corn flakes, wheat cereal, macaroni, canned baked beans, canned corn, canned peas, canned tomatoes, bananas, oranges, and more. Shows the average weekly wages for a variety of occupations and industries in New Zealand. And your eye upon the scale! Some stopped the cars by jamming pieces of wood into the spokes. At the far end of the room, the miner lay down on his side and cut under the bottom of the coal face with his pick, inching his way into the cut and hoping the coal was hard enough not to collapse on him. Links to government documents and primary sources listing retail prices for products and services, as well as wages for common occupations. Source: Extensive article provides wage detail by occupation and city. Musical instruments:
Wages are shown in contemporary U.S. dollars. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, No. Workers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884, Managers, Kohinoor mine, Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, 1884. Expressed in dollars and also as a percentage of the property value. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly and weekly earnings of industrial wages in Romanian leu. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. It provided a $1.20-a- day wage increase effective Jan, and an increase of 80 cents a day beginning April 1, 1959. Managements steam whistle now set the times. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. Coal Miners Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginia's population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. 664. Source: Teachers' salaries and salary trends in 1923. Shows data for unskilled male laborers in each of 13 industries, as well as an overall average. Self-respecting craftsmen were even known to stop working when a foreman came by to inspect their room. Shows the wages of Japanese mining workers by gender and age. With industrialization, workers lost control of when to start, eat, and end their day. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Shows data for 12 cities located in NY, OH, PA and MA, including NYC, Boston, Philadelphia and more. Source: U.S. Dept of Labor, Compares affordability of food and consumer goods from one year to the next and provides price. Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set Vol. See list of the most common occupations for women in 1910 and 1920 (source: Census Bureau). Men's:
Details the price of various building materials on pp. Source: BLS, Shows prices of dozens of food and grocery items, soap, coal, wood by the cord, matches by the box and, Shows the amount spent by a typical Canadian family on food, laundry, fuel/lighting, and rent over time. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review, Dec 1920 Careless miners always fail. Source: Shows the weekly wages of various occupations in Vienna. The strike was officially called to a halt on March the 3rd 1985. Mr. Retreat mining required the rapid destruction of these pillars, each containing tons of valuable coal, before the mine collapsed. Table 41 in this source shows the average salary for all teachers in elementary and secondary schools in New York state, not including NYC. Source: BLS, Shows the wage scale for various occupations for Japanese and Chinese workers in Dairen. Source: This table provides average yearly wages per industry or trade type, including transportation, education and agriculture, among others. These deposits could produce firedamp, which contained methane and sometimes carbon dioxide that seeped out of the coal seams. But on some weeks, a miner might work only two or three days because the railroad failed to supply enough coal cars, or because the mine needed repairs. Shows pay tables based on years of service,for Army and Navygenerals, admirals, colonels, lieutenants, captains, ensigns, etc. Miscellaneous:
Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. Source: Appendix in. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. Totals are shown in Canadian dollars. Boy's:
Prices on pp. Published 1921. Data was originally published in the Industrial Bulletin of the State Department of Labor. Green miners like Frank Keeney also learned that surviving underground required men to depend upon each other and to honor the wisdom of the most experienced men. That the presidents persistent nostalgia for a yesteryear America had such visceral effect on rural voters only betrays the entrenched anxiety of a region where decline is a multi-generational way of life. Meal time was cold, cramped, and wet. This bibliography lists reports that show income, budgets, consumer expenditures, etc. There was little prospect then that coal would be in demand as it is today or that the daily wage of miners would be multiplied 8 to 10 times by 1974. Shows the "living wage" per week for different metropolitan areas of Australia. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Management's steam whistle now set the times. Source: BLS Monthly labor review, Apr 1926, Shows the average retail prices of various foodstuffs throughout Switzerland. Infant's:
Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of various foodstuffs in 10 large German cities. In some cases, when word came around that a miner had been scolded or punished by a boss, workers would gather on a pile of slate to talk about the incident, and the bolder ones with a manly bearing toward the boss would speak up for their fellow worker. Covers more than 1,200 cities. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly wages for men and women in Finnish unions. Table shows average tax by acre for each state in 1929. Total Pay. ), athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, Prices of articles bought by farmers, 1909-1924, Prices paid by farmers for household items, 1910-1960, Clothing prices paid by farmers, 1910-1960, Women's clothing catalog - B. Altman & Co., Summer 1920. During the 1910s and 1920s, minimum wage laws were adopted by a handful of states and generally applied only to women and children. Read more Employment in coal mining industry in the United Kingdom (UK) 1920-2021 . Source: BLS, Shows the average wage rates for 19 different occupations in Hamburg, Germany. From, Average monthly wages by state,with and without board. West Virginias drift mines were cut into the mountains horizontally and its slope mines descended gradually into the earth. Source: Median wages for butlers, chauffeurs, gardeners, furnace men and "house men" employed to work in private households in Philadelphia in the late 1920s. Data is separated by sex and age. The lack of market for coal during the depression had stepped in to push aside both miners and operators as principals in collective bargaining. A good blast could bring down a ton or more of coal from the fractured face. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. Typewriters, school supplies, office supplies, fountain pens, more fountain pens, books, drawing sets, home office furniture. continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Coffee cost an average 47 per pound in 1920. One task was to test for the build-up of flammable methane gas. by RACE Provides detailed breakouts by occupation. Describes the labor policy of Mexico in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. This earlier catastrophe outraged Mother Jones, who spoke of it often on her organizing campaign that year, and it had triggered public pressure to improve the states mine safety laws. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. Safety sign in eight languages, about 1910. As former miner Gary Bentley of Kentucky remarked in a recent New York Times article, Its not going to make a comeback. Starts on p. 44. Source: AAUP report, p. 162. Tip: use the search tool to look for words like cents or rate. Part of a section on Negro women's wages. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Police department personnel salaries and wages. White familiesspent an average $103.71/yearon medical care around 1928-1931. Living room:
Source: Lists costs of running a farm, including costs of power, labor, insurance, interest on loans, etc. Includes breakouts for those who lived with the family and those who did not. Source: Describes the labor policy of Australia in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. See p. 193 of this. Tax covers both land and buildings. Firedamp, described as the monster most dreaded by the practical miner, could explode if ignited by sparks or powder blasts, which would send fires raging through mine shafts with hurricane force. After workers had advanced the mine face to the end of the seam, veterans began the dangerous work of removing the massive coal pillars that stood between the rooms and helped support the mine top. HEALTH CARE Table shows average cost to rent houses by the number of rooms in each of 25 New Zealand cities and towns. The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. for rural households in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. Wages are shown in pounds, shillings, and pence. When a miner and his helper approached the entry to their room, danger lurked in almost every move they made. His pictures also reflect a variegated experience in Appalachia, countering stereotypes by depicting middle-class miners, racial diversity, and community pride. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. Acquiring a sense of humor helped mask a workers dread of the mine, but joking was no substitute for learning how to be careful. by OCCUPATION Shows wages and hours of workers in the cotton industry over a 23 year period. Believed to be the worst coal mine disaster ever, an explosion at the Bnxh mine in Liaoning province killed 1,549 people in 1942. Using a thin iron needle about the thickness of a pencil, he shoved a cartridge of black powder into the hole and pushed a little clay into the hole with a damper; then he carefullywithdrew the needle and inserted a wick of waxed paper, a squib, that would burn down to the black powder. Includes drug items, toilet items, and miscellaneous items. It was usually undertaken by women, and sometimes children. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of food and commodities in various cities throughout south Manchuria. After they loaded coal from the fallen pillars, the colliers and their helpers pushed their cars out into the main entry as fast as possible before sections of the roof collapsed. One-page table shows average charges for residential electricity each year from 1924-1934, for cities over 50,000 in population. Shows average annual expenditure for food, rent, clothing, and medical care per family member. Following legal tradition, companies usually placed blame and responsibility for injuries on the workers. One statute required operators to print maps of their mines, but it excluded any provisions for enforcing this requirement. But to those who suffered alone in silence, the chorus offered hope and strength: Union miners, stand together! Source: Shows the average hourly wage of a variety of jobs both in and outside of Paris. Coal mining jobs - Hours and earnings, 1919-1933; Coal mining wages by state, 1923 Source: Miners' wages and the cost of coal: an inquiry into the wages system., pp. Source: BLS. Government Documents Department, Ellis Library The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. Shows annual salaries for all school personnel in Texas without breakouts for occupation, years of training, years of experience, etc. Click "more" for direct links to wages in each occupation. Religious organizations -Salaries, 1929in. Prices are shown in German marks. Engineers used anemometers to measure airflow within mines. Lengthy article reports how much educators earned in Illinois' high schools in 1920-1921. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of foodstuffs and other necessities in Greece. Wages are shown in both German marks and contemporary U.S. dollars. 412. $20.00 per week. After a temporary escape to attend grammar school, it was the world he reentered in 1900 as an eighteen-year-old man willing and able to load coal for a miners pay. Constitution Avenue, NW Cottage and bungalow home designs with illustrations and floor plans in the "Wardway homes" catalog. Wages for workers engaged in the manufacture of iron and steel goods, machinery, railway rolling stock, boilers, vehicles, aircraft, electrical apparatus, scientific instruments and more. The strongest, most efficient men earned the most money at the end of the day. See data considerations for explanation. Shows salaries for teachers ofkindergarten, elementary school, junior high, high school, vocational school, college, and normal schools (teacher training academies). Heed no operators tale! The union was very important to miners. Shows the average daily wages Greek workers were receiving in metal mines, lignite mines, smelting and refining plants, and quarries. Industries and occupations included are toilers, manufacturing, construction, mining, and more. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day. TRANSPORTATION Source: Shows lawyers' incomes instates and regions, by size of community served, by the age of the lawyer, number of years in practice, etc. Coal miners homemade prosthetic leg, about 1950. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set vol. Shows average value of mortgaged homes, average debt remaining on the mortgages and average interest paid on mortgages annually, for 68 cities of 100,000 or more population. Despite significant danger, miners received little compensation for injuries. Includes many brand names. Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. Shows salaries for officers, managers, clerks, operators, etc. Source: BLS, Shows the daily wages of masons, carpenters, stonecutters, painters, shoemakers, and tailors in each of the provincial capitals of Spain. This booklet shows prices for hotels and amenities such astelephone, restaurant meals,haircuts, bath house, etc. Includes a table showing. Shows the hourly, daily, and biannual earnings of different occupations in the Missouri coal industry between 1890-1922.
Rob Burrow Mnd Badge,
Articles H